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Manual Tuning of Receiver B3
Go to B3 home page User's Manual for B3

Manual Tuning Procedures



Overview

Full manual tuning of the receiver seems complicated, but it's fundamentally straightforward once you have done it a few times. Normally, if manual intervention is required, it will be for one or two of the components. The principal components that can be relatively easily tuned are the Gunn Oscillator, the multiplier (called "Quadrupler", because it multiplies by 4), and the Half Wave Plate (or "rotator"). The mixers are tunerless, but the original section on manual tuning of the Mixers has been retained, just in case a mixer has to be replaced (and since our only available replacement is a tuneable mixer).

All micrometers and geared drives have motors attached and one should not attempt to turn the micrometers by hand; please leave this function under the control of the electronic modules. It is worth checking that turning a given pot actually does result in a rotation of the micrometer or worm gear in question, however, just in case.

Remote vs Manual control of the receiver; how it works

Manual tuning uses controls on the front panel of the B3 electronics rack. The latter contains a number of interconnected electronic "modules" each dedicated to a specific part of the receiver.

Five key modules, the Gunn Oscillator, Multiplier, Modulator/Rotator, and the two Mixer modules, possess large gray pull toggle switches which allow the respective modules to be operated in either remote or local mode.

Remote/computer control: for any of these modules placing the switch in the "remote" (up) position allows the micro (and hence the VAX) to adjust the components controlled by that module. This is the normal mode of operation, and an initial inspection of the receiver prior to observing should include checking the positions of these five switches.

Local/manual control: placing any of these five switches in the "local" (down) position allows the operator to assume control of the components addressed by the module in question. For instance, one can control the input and output backshort positions and the bias voltage of the multiplier from that module (top right of of the electronics rack). Since the position of these switches cannot be overridden by the microcomputer, any micrometer or pot settings made at the front face of a given module remain in effect until the module is returned to computer control and new software commands issued.

The purpose of this design is to ensure that, when the situation warrants, these subsystems can be locked into Local mode and adjusted only through the front panels. This mode would be desirable, for example, if the motorized micrometers were unreliable, the lookup tables were suspect/wrong, or an attempt was being made to preserve the micrometers' longevity by restricting their movement.

The receiver can be used whether these 5 modules are in Local or Remote mode. But if you leave any of these pull toggles in Local mode after tuning, their settings cannot be changed either by the computer or through the Display terminal menu.

If, after manual adjustments, you set any or all of the pull toggle switches on the rack to Remote, control of those systems will be returned to the microcomputer. The micro will read the values you have set on the front panels and will use these as the requested values for the relevant parameters. Subsequently, the settings you have manually adjusted will be used until a new frequency is entered or rxb_retune is issued when new values will be computed for these parameters. At that time, if the pull toggle is in Remote these new values will be used instead of whatever the front panel settings are.

If the module has been left in Local mode, any newly calculated values for that module will be ignored in favor of the front panel settings which will remain in effect until the switch is returned to Remote.

Other modules

The other modules (i.e. apart from the 5 mentioned above) also have Local/Remote modes that are toggled to Remote by the microcomputer whenever it needs to control them. Each of these modules (mostly for diagnostic purposes) allows limited manual control via a spring-loaded Remote/Local switch; holding the appropriate switch down allows one to halt the automated monitoring of (say) the HEMT current/voltage conditions or the power supply voltages.

 

Complete Manual Tuning Stage by Stage

  • First set the Synthesizer Frequency

    To ensure that the correct frequency harmonics are available for the LO system, from the TSS command screen issue the fe] command at the ICL> prompt to specify the desired tune frequency and mode. The synthesizer (or Local Oscillator) frequency is typically 80 to 95 GHz. From the B3 monitor screen, it will usually be clear at what stage the receiver has failed to tune, if tuning is not completed successfully.

  • Gunn (Local) Oscillator
    1. If the "lock" LED beside the Backshort pot on the Gunn and Phase Lock Loop Module is red, the Gunn is not locked.
    2. There are multiple locks possible for the Gunn, but only one of them is correct for the frequency you want. Presumably this lock will be acquired at tune and backshort settings close to those supplied by the microcomputer. To read what those requested positions were, set the rotary silver switch to tune (or backshort) and press the Set/Mon push-button. IN displays the requested position, OUT the actual position.
    3. Set the pull toggle switch to Local
    4. Put the Micrometer Adjust, Osc and Sweep toggles up.
    5. With the silver knob at "Tune", slowly rotate the Tune Pot about the requested position until the lock LED turns green. There are several harmonics to which the Gunn can lock - but only one will give you the right frequency. Presumably this is the one closest to the tune value requested by the computer.
    6. Rotate the silver knob to Backshort position and adjust the Backshort Pot through the range of values that the Gunn stays locked. Then reset it to the middle of this range. ALternatively, you can peak the Gunn output by monitoring Vdet on the MODULATOR as you adjust the Backshort.
    7. Inhibit the Micrometer Adjust toggle.
    8. There are two ways to check that the Gunn is locked to the right frequency.
      1. If you have an unmistakable spectral line, look at your source and see if it's visible.
      2. An alternative procedure is to connect the EIP output from the upper right of the RxB3 Receiver rack to the counter on RxC2. (You'll need an EIP cable about 6 feet long). The value read by the counter should match that shown as Foscillator on the PF1 Display terminal screen.

  • Quadrupler (i.e. multiplier)
    1. On the MODULATOR set the pull toggle switch to Local, the Loop Control to Open Loop and the rotary silver knob to either Ia or Ib so that you can monitor the junction current as an indicator of quadrupler output.
    2. On the QUADRUPLER set the pull toggle switch to Local, the Micrometer Adjustment to uninhibited (up) and the rotary silver switch to INPUT.
    3. On the QUADRUPLER use the lower left pot to maximize the Ia(b) value shown on the MODULATOR.
    4. On the QUADRUPLER set the rotary silver switch to OUTPUT and maximize Ia(b) using the lower right pot.
    5. On the QUADRUPLER set the rotary switch to Vb and maximize Ia(b) using the centre pot, but don't let the readout on the QUADRUPLER go below 3.0 or you'll trip the multiplier interlock. (If the interlock light does come on, just take the Vb value to 3.0 and it should reset to normal.)
    6. If there were large changes in any of the 3 multiplier parameters, you might want to iterate through the optimization procedures again.
    7. Set the QUADRUPLER's Micrometer Adjustment switch down, the MODULATOR's Loop Control to Closed Loop and the pull toggle switches on the MODULATOR and QUADRUPLER to remote.

  • Half Wave Plate (i.e. rotator)

    The Half Wave Plate is controlled from the MODULATOR module. Its function is to adjust the mixer currents to the optimum values.

    1. On the MODULATOR set the pull toggle to Local, Loop Control to Open Loop and the Half Wave toggle up to motor drive position.
    2. Set the toggles on the MIXER modules to monitor junction currents and rotate the Plate in CW or CCW directions by toggling the direction switch appropriately. As you do so watch the junction currents. This switch does not reset itself, so you have to manually recentre it if you want the plate to stop rotating. The junction currents are quite sensitive to the orientation of the Half Wave Plate, so quick flicks of the drive toggle away from the centre position will permit final adjustments. The Level Control pot can be used during this procedure to adjust the average junction current while the Half Wave Plate balances the relative currents.
    3. When finished, the direction drive switch should be in the centre position and the motor drive inhibited.

  • Optimizing the Mixer Backshorts

    Note: at the present time, this section is not required as both mixers are tunerless; it is retained in case we ever have to swap in the spare mixer, which is tuneable.

    The procedure is the same for each of the two mixers.

    1. Set the pull toggle switches on the MODULATOR and the MIXER-CHAN A(B) modules to Local. Set the Loop Control on the MODULATOR to Open Loop.
    2. Set the TOTAL POWER - CHAN A(B) module to Local.
    3. Set the SKY and LOAD CHOPPER Modules to Local and select the Cold Load. Note that the current load is indicated by the LEDs underneath the elliptical dial on the TOTAL POWER module.
    4. On the TOTAL POWER module module check that the black DVM switch beside the elliptical display dial is set to Level. Adjust the attenuation do the Level is about 200.
    5. On the MODULATOR set the silver rotary switch to Ia(b) to display the mixer current. Adjust the Level Set pot so the current is around 15 uA.
    6. At the MIXER - CHAN A(B) module put the switch under the LED display to the backshort position and use the left hand pot to add about 30 units to the displayed position (to compensate backlash before you seek the optimum position).
    7. Adjust the backshort pot CCW (i.e. down) while watching for a simultaneous peak in the Ia(b) (on the MODULATOR) and the TOTAL POWER Level. You can go quickly at first as you're just taking up backlash in the drive. Keep the Ia(b) value below about 30 uA and the Total Power on scale by adjusting the Level Set pot on the MODULATOR and attenuation on the TOTAL POWER module as necessary. The peak position can be quite sharp. Once you pass through the peak you must go back up about 30 units and come down to the peak again.
    8. Repeat this procedure for the other mixer if necessary.
    9. A useful function available on the TOTAL POWER module for each mixer is a front-end Trx display. It can be used to display real-time receiver temperature while adjusting bias voltage, mixer current and backshort position. On the TOTAL POWER modules ensure that the IF level is mid-range on the elliptical display. This can be adjusted by setting the modules to Local mode and keying in appropriate IF level attenuation. Set the DVM toggles to Trx, put the Sky Chopper on Load and the Load Chopper in Run mode. The receiver should now switch rapidly between hot and cold loads, displaying the Trx values on the elliptical bar graphs.
  • Back in the Control Room

    Once back in the control room, you may wish to issue the rxb_auto or rxb_retune command to set any parameters that may have been changed incidentally from their requested values during the manual adjustments. The rxb_auto command will tune the receiver without calculating any new demand parameter values. The rxb_retune command will recalculate new parameter values and apply them to all modules that have not been left in Local mode.

    Original text by Lorne Avery; 10 July 1997

  • Contact: Ming Zhu. Updated: Mon Aug 16 16:43:00 HST 2004

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